Definition of the Disengagement Theory of Aging

Disengagement theory outlines a process of disengagement from social life that people experience as they age and become elderly. The theory states that, over time, elderly people withdraw, or disengage from, the social roles and relationships that were central to their life in adulthood. As a functionalist theory, this framework casts the process of disengagement as necessary and beneficial to society, as it allows the social system to remain stable and ordered. Overview of Disengagement in Sociology Disengagement theory was created by social scientists  Elaine Cumming and William Earle Henry, and presented in the book  Growing Old, published in 1961. It is notable for being the first social science theory of aging, and in part, because it was controversially received, sparked further development of social science research, and theories about the elderly, their social relationships, and their roles in society. This theory presents a social systemic discussion of the aging process and the evolution of the social lives of elderly  and was inspired by functionalist theory. In fact, famed sociologist Talcott Parsons, who is regarded as a leading functionalist, wrote the foreword to the Cummings and Henrys book. With the theory, Cummings and Henry situate aging within the social system and offer a set of steps that outline how the process of disengagement occurs as one ages  and why this is important and beneficial to the social system as a whole. They based their theory on  data from the Kansas City Study of Adult Life, a  longitudinal study that tracked several hundred adults from middle to old age,  conducted by researchers at the University of Chicago. Postulates of the Theory of Disengagement Based on this data Cummings and Henry created the following nine postulates that comprise the theory of disengagement. People lose social ties to those around them because they expect death, and their abilities to engage with others deteriorate over time.As a person begins to disengage, they are increasingly freed from social norms which guide interaction. Losing touch with norms reinforces and fuels the process of disengagement.The disengagement process for men and women differs due to their different social roles.The process of disengaging is spurred by an individuals desire to not have their reputation damaged by losing skills and abilities while they are still fully engaged in their social roles. Simultaneously younger adults are trained to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to take over the roles played by those who disengage.Complete disengagement happens when both the individual and society are ready for this to occur. A disjunction between the two will occur when one is ready but not the other.People who have disengaged adopt new social roles so as not to suffer a crisis of identity o r become demoralized.A person is ready to disengage when they are aware of the short time remaining in their life and they no longer wish to fulfill their current social roles; and society allows for disengagement in order to provide jobs for those coming of age, to satisfy the social needs of a nuclear family, and because people die.Once disengaged, remaining relationships shift, rewards of them may change, and hierarchies may also shift.Disengagement occurs across all cultures but is shaped by the culture in which it occurs. Based on these postulates, Cummings and Henry suggested that the elderly are happiest when they accept and willingly go along with the process of disengagement. Critiques of the Theory of Disengagement The theory of disengagement caused controversy as soon as it was published. Some critics pointed out that this was a flawed social science theory because Cummings and Henry assume that the process is natural, innate, and inevitable, as well as universal. Evoking a fundamental conflict within sociology between functionalist and other theoretical perspectives, some pointed out that the theory completely  ignores the role of class in shaping the experience of aging, while others critiqued the assumption that the elderly have seemingly no agency in this process, but rather are compliant tools of the social system. Further, based on subsequent research, others asserted that the  theory of disengagement fails to capture the complex and rich social lives of the elderly, and the many forms of engagement that follow retirement (see The Social Connectedness of Older Adults: A National Profile by Cornwall et al., published in  American Sociological Review  in 2008). Noted contemporary sociologist Arlie Hochschild also published critiques of this theory. From her view, the theory is flawed because it has  an escape clause, wherein those who do not disengage are considered troubled outliers. She also critiqued Cummings and Henry for failing to provide evidence that disengagement is willingly done. While Cummings stuck to her theoretical position, Henry subsequently disavowed it in later publications and aligned himself with alternative theories that followed, including  activity theory and continuity theory. Recommended Reading Growing Old, by Cumming and Henry, 1961.Lives Through the Years: Styles of Life and Successful Aging, by Wiliams and Wirths, 1965.Disengagement Theory: A Critical Evaluation, by George L. Maddox, Jr.,  The Gerontologist,  1964.Disengagement Theory: A Critique and Proposal, by Arlie Hochschild,  American Sociological Review  40, no. 5 (1975): 553–569.Disengagement Theory: A Logical, Empirical, and Phenomenological Critique, by Arlie Hochshchild, in  Time, Roles, and Self in Old Age, 1976.Revisiting the Kansas City study of adult life: roots of the disengagement model in social gerontology, by J. Hendricks,  Getontologist, 1994. ​​Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Literary Critique of All Quiet on the Western Front Essay

Literary Critique of All Quiet on the Western Front In the book All Quiet on the Western Front, Erich Maria Remarque illustrates the picture of World War I to the reader. This book is the story of Paul Baumer, who with his classmates recruits in the German Army of World War I. This anti-war novel is an excellent book because through the experiences of Paul Baumer, I am able to actually feel like Im in the war. It is a very useful piece of literature, which increases the readers knowledge on how the war affected the people at the time setting. By reading this book, one is drawn into the actual events of the war, and can feel the abyss of death. I believe this piece is very well written. It is entirely simple, lacking any bias†¦show more content†¦Many of Pauls fellow army men do not survive. After the loss of Pauls closest friends, returning to the front was hard for him. The days were getting cold and one by one he watched his friends die. The hardest loss was that of Kat. After Kat had been shot, Paul had to carry Kat to the nearest first-aid station a few miles away. Kat was the last of Pauls friends to die in the war. Then, in October of 1918, Paul is killed on a quiet day shortly before the armistice ends the war. As mentioned previously, the story is told from Pauls point of view. This view of his is parallel to that of Remarques. Remarques characterization of paul and the other soldiers is intended to convey information and instruction to the reader. For example the way these characters are described instructs the reader in the needless suffering and loss brought on by war. The author makes a point about military leaders through one of the characters. Kropp notes about rise in rank, As sure as they get a stripe or a star they become different men, just as though theyd swallowed concrete (43). Kat mentions that military life brings out the worst in men, particularly the abuse of power over lesser men. This is a significant part that the author adds into the book because it illustrates a metaphor of the greater powers wanting to attack the weaker countries to gain more power; imperialism, which is one of the main causes of the war. In chapter 4, one of the most dramatic in the book,Show MoreR elatedThe Boys Attitude to War in All Quiet on the Western Front Essay3195 Words   |  13 PagesCompare ‘Gallipoli and ‘All Quiet on the Western Front in terms of the:  · Boys attitude to war  · Reasons for enlistment  · Experiences on the front How do these change their attitude to war? What does this tell you about the similarities and differences the Australians and Germans experiences? Analysis of Major Characters Paul Bà ¤umer As the novels narrator and protagonist, Paul is the central figure in All Quiet on the Western Front and serves as the mouthpiece for Remarques meditationsRead More Biography of Ernest Hemingway Essay3737 Words   |  15 Pagesof seventeen. Here he learned to get to the heart of a story with direct, simple sentences. After the United States entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. Here he was wounded near the Italian/Austrian front. Hospitalized, he fell in love with his nurse, who later called off their relationship. After his return to the United States, he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the GreekRead More Visions of The Primitive in Langston Hughes’s The Big Sea Essay examples6201 Words   |  25 Pagesput at anchor with eighty or more other dead ships of a similar nature, and there we stayed all winter. ...[T]here were no visitors and I almost never went ashore. Those long winter nights with snow swirling down the Hudson, and the old ships rocking and creaking in the wind, and the ice scraping and crunching against their sides, and the steam hissing in the radiators were ideal for reading. I read all the ship’s library. (Hughes, 1986, p.95) Among the books that Hughes finds in the ship’sRead MoreI Just Wanna Be Average6008 Words   |  25 Pagesstarted high school in the vocational education track, learning dead-end skills from teachers who were often underprepared or incompetent. Rose shows that students whom the system has written off can have tremendous unreal ­ized potential, and his critique of the school system specifies several reasons for the failure of students who go through high school belligerent, fearful, stoned, frustrated, or just plain bored. This selection comes from Lives on the Boundary (1989), Roses exploration of AmericasRead MoreThe Nature Of The African Landscape10552 Words   |  43 Pagesstate of the European characters and who he reflects it in his narrative. The abundant reports, literary narratives, and the variety of representations of the early travellers that belong to different social, cultural, and political backgrounds presented Africa with a very shining image. They loomed Africa as exotic, strange, and the promised of golden opportunities. However, in the nineteenth-century Western colonial discourse, Africabegan to function as a synonym to absence and infinite. (Miller, 1996:Read MoreContemporary American Poetry and Its Public Worlds Essay8159 Words   |  33 Pageseveryone knows the critique of this style posed by Language Writing or radical poetics. Here I will be more interested in quieter but no less substantial critiques carried out by poets who retain commitments to a discursively cogent surface and to traditional lyric effects, even to the possibilities of dramatic closure that has made so much of contemporary work seem labored and self-congratulatory in its projected spaces of surmise and wonder. At the core of these critiques, both radical and fromRead MoreTotal Quality Management (Tqm) in Hospitality Industry: a Study of the Application of Tqm in  a Hotels  Engineering Department and Its  Effects on  Hotel Performance18578 Words   |  75 Pageshotels  engineering department and its  effects on  hotel performance by Mark Chan Total Quality Management (TQM) methodology can help organizations to achieve business excellence. This methodology is also useful for the hospitality industry; almost all hotels focus on quality management to improve their business by enhancing customer satisfaction, competitive advantage and retaining guest loyalty. TQM is teamwork; every functional department must work cohesively together and support each other inRead MoreThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pagesscreen, and its audience it must go through a three stage process. Firstly and most obviously it has to be produced, following this it must then be distributed, and finally exhibited. Before the introduction of the studio system in the 1920s all of these processes were controlled separately. Although this gave the makers of films, such as directors and producers, room to express their creativity it placed a heavy constraint upon the amount of movies that could be made, and financialRead MorePoems: City Planners15330 Words   |  62 Pagesdistance - of us and them, whereas Atwood uses the inclusive ‘we’, to suggest that this experience of cities is one that we can all relate to and share. Her attitude - and the narratorial tone of the poem - seems negative. She uses words like ‘offends us’, ‘discouraged’, ‘avoidance’, ‘sickness lingering’, including the semantic field of illness. These seem mostly quiet, and passive, but as the poem progresses, she shifts into a more violent tone, with ‘hysteria’, ‘bruise’, ‘vicious’, ‘capsized’,Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagessituates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanal ysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a

Management Theory and Practice Modern Management

Question: Describe about the Management Theory and Practice for Modern Management. Answer: 1: Henry Fayol is considered as father of modern management. He laid down the foundation on developing management as a distinct and specialized body of knowledge. He recommended that there were five principal purposes of management and fourteen principles. Below mentioned are the six principal objectives of a management: Planning: This function of management aims to chalk out future course of actions and determining the most suitable course of action to achieve the desired goals. Organizing: This function aims to bring together various available resources together and develop a correlation among them to achieve the goal. Staffing: The main purpose of function is to serve the requirement of choosing the right person for the right job. It includes manpower planning, training and development, performance appraisal etc. Directing: This function aims at influencing, supervising, guiding and motivating the employees to achieve organizational goals. Controlling: The function aims to check whether everything is falling in its in the process of achieving organizational goal (OConnor 2015). Fayol also gave fourteen principles that are applied in todays business which are division labor to increase productivity, authority and responsibility to create feeling of belongingness, obey disciplines that govern the organization, unity of command emphasized on the fact that each employee should receive orders from one superior, unity of direction explained that all employees should focus on same objective, subordination, remuneration emphasized on fair remuneration to each employee, centralization of decision making, scalar chain, order, equity, permanence of term of employees, initiatives and Espirit the corps which aims at promoting team spirit and build harmony and unity within the organization (Peaucelle and Guthrie 2015). 4: Peter. F. Drucker is considered as the leader among various other contemporary management thinkers. He had knowledge in various areas as law, psychology, journalism, sociology. Throughout his life, Drucker devised solutions to various managerial problems. His assistance covered various aspects of management. Following are the major contributions made by Drucker management functions, nature of management, organization structure, management by objectives, federalism, and organizational changes. Management by objectives (MBO) is considered as one of the most vital contributions made by Drucker. The term management by objectives (MBO) was coined by Drucker in 1954. It refers to the practice of setting goals for the workforce to ensure employees should know what they are supposed to do at the workplace. In the words of Drucker, its rather a philosophy than a management technique (Drucker 2013). Following are the needs of Management by Objectives (MBO): It helps the employees to understand their duties at workplace. Key result areas (KRAs) are defined for the employees based on their educational qualifications and experience. It leads employees towards satisfaction. It shuns the probability of job mismatch followed by unwanted confusions. Limitations of Management by Objectives (MBO): It does not emphasize on the facts such as existing working conditions and work culture in the organization. It mainly emphasizes on the goals and objectives of the organization. It merely expects its employees to achieve the pre-determined target of the organizations without considering the facts such workplace conditions. This process sometimes treats human being as mere machines (Turriago Thoene and Arjoon 2016). References Drucker, P., 2013.People and performance. Routledge. OConnor, E.S., 2015, October. Henri Fayol and the managerial point of view. InAnnales des Mines-Grer et comprendre(No. 3, pp. 93-95). FFE. Peaucelle, J.L. and Guthrie, C., 2015. Henri Fayol. Turriago-Hoyos, A., Thoene, U. and Arjoon, S., 2016. Knowledge Workers and Virtues in Peter Druckers Management Theory.SAGE Open,6(1), p.2158244016639631.

Proteus Vulgaris free essay sample

Proteus vulgaris is a gram negative, facultatively anaerobic, bacillus rodchemoheterotroph bacterium belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It possesses peritrichous flagella, making it actively motile. P. vulgaris occurs naturally the intestional tracts of humans and animals, soil, fecal matter, polluted water, and raw meat. It is grouped with the enterobacteriacea and is an opportunistic pathogen of humans. In humans P. vulgaris is known to cause urinary tract infections and wound infections. P. ulgaris is associated with nosocomial infection, and has the ability to degrade urea to ammonia by production of the enzyme urease. McConkey agar contains lactose, which P. vulgaris does not ferment. It ferments glucose, sucrose, galactose, glycerol occasionally maltose with gas production, but never lactose. P. vulgaris ferments liquefies gelatin, casein, and blood serum, curdling milk with acid production. P. vulgaris provides a positive result for: sulfur reduction,urease production, tryptophan deaminase production, and indole production. It’s not limited to any specific temperature range, but good growth occurs at 20 to 30 degrees Celsius, while growth is poor at 37 degrees Celsius. We will write a custom essay sample on Proteus Vulgaris or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page P. vulgaris has two interesting features. The cells are highly motile and swarm across the surface of the agar plates, forming a very thin film of bacteria. When the cells stop and undergo a cycle of growth and division, the swarming periods are interspersed wth periods and the colony has a distinct zonation. The other feature is that. P. vulgaris can produce urease and degrade urea to ammonia. By alkalining the urine, P. vulgaris makes the environment more suitable for its survival. P. vulgaris is more prone to cause nosocomial infections. To prevent transmission of nosocomial pathogens within hospitals, the persistence of nosocomial pathogens on surfaces was assessed. The longer a nosocomial pathogens remains on a surface, the longer it may be a source of transmission and thus there is higher chance of getting exposed to a susceptible patient or hospital personnel. The result showed that P. vulgaris survived 1-2 days. To reduce the risk of transmission of nosocomial pathogens from inanimate surfaces to susceptible patients, disinfection of surfaces in specific patient-care areas is recommended.

Chief Joseph Essay Example

Chief Joseph Essay The person that I did myfirst quarter project on was Chief Joseph. Chief Joseph was born in 1840 in the Wallowa Valley (the Wallowa Valley is now northeastern Oregon). He was born into the tribe of the Nez Perce. The name that the tribe gave him was Hin-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt, the translation is Thunder Rolling Down the Mountain. He was also known as Joseph the younger because, Joseph was the name his father had taken Joseph the Elder (Josephs father) was thefirst Nez Perce to convert to Christianity. He also tried hard to keep peace between the tribe and the whites. In 1855 Josephs father helped Washingtons territorial governor set up a reservation for the Nez Perce, which ran from Oregon into Idaho. Only eight years later there was a gold rush in the Nez Perce territory. The government took back a lot of their land and they were left with only one-tenth of the land they had received. Josephs father was angry and destroyed his American flag and Bible, he then refused to move his tri be form the Wallowa valley or sign the treaty that would make the new reservation boundaries official. Eight years later Josephs father died leaving Joseph in charge. Joseph was left with his fathers name and the same problem. Whites kept coming to Wallowa Valley. Joseph kept fighting for his land and it looked like he would be able to keep it when in 1873 a federal order was written to move all white setters out of Wallowa Valley. But soon after, in 1877 General Oliver Otis Howard threatened to attack Josephs tribe if they didnt leave for another reservation in Idaho. Joseph did not want to fight the army so he started to lead his people to Idaho. But before they left, twenty Nez Perce warriors killed several nearby white settlers because they were angry about loosing their land. After that the U.S army went looking for Josephs tribe and find the ones

Odyssey The Relationship between the monstrous and the human

Odyssey The Relationship between the monstrous and the human Introduction When looking at the relationship between the monstrous and the human in Odyssey, it can be seen that monsters represent, in many instances, the darker side of humanity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Odyssey†: The Relationship between the monstrous and the human specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Cyclops When looking at the instance where Odysseus encounters the Cyclops Polyphemus, it is often the case that people see a giant monster that is out to eat visitors. However, as it can be seen through the dialogue between Polyphemus and Odysseus, Polyphemus does have the capacity for reason and understanding yet continues to perform his actions anyway despite alternatives being present (i.e. he eats humans despite the fact that sheep are present). In this particular instance, Polyphemus and his one eye represent people who look at things through only one perspective. The end result is that the y neglect to see the end result of such actions and in turn this results in adverse consequences towards them (i.e. in this case Polyphemus had his eye gouged with a sharp stick). Calypso While the sea nymph may seem to be good in the sense that she took very good care of Odysseus on her island, in reality she actually symbolizes the aspect of complacency that exists within us all. Through the dialogue in the story we can see that while she has made Odysseus comfortable, he is not truly progressing in life despite his desire to do so. Such an aspect is present in us all wherein we become lured by the comfort of complacency that we find ourselves unable to move forward when we should have done so. Circe What Circe represents is harder to ascertain since she both turned the men into swine yet took good care of them afterwards. However, upon reading more of the dialogue it can be seen that Circe represents fear of moving forward which often results in loneliness and heartache later in life. In the story it is revealed that the reason that Circe turned the men into swine was due to bad experiences she had with men in the past.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since she never moved forward from such a feeling she became stuck in the past and, as a result, became incredibly lonely. This is a behavior that we all experience all too often wherein we become so focused on what has happened to us that we become too afraid to move forward and experience new things. This can eat away at a person leaving them lonely and friendless with no one to talk to but the walls of their home. The Lotus Eaters The Lotus eaters in the story are very familiar since they represent the addictions that burden us in life. This can by anything such as junk food, television, sex, drugs or anything that causes to obsess over something so completely that we discard everything else to focus on such an addiction. This can often result in men or women turning in to monsters in order to get their â€Å"fix† and, as such, is an appropriate representation of the darker side of humanity that lurks within us all that is waiting to come out and drag us down just as addiction has entrapped the Lotus eaters in the story. Conclusion After examining the various characters that was encountered by Odysseus on his journey, it can be stated that when looking at the relationship between the monstrous and the human in Odyssey, monsters represent, in many instances, the darker side of humanity.

Supplemets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supplemets - Essay Example One of the most common misuses of statistics found regularly is that of an implied connection. Typically, this is found in advertisements for various kinds weight loss, hair regeneration etc products. The manner in which the error is made is that a success story of some person is cited, i.e., say Joe Smith lost 20 pounds of weight in 2 weeks by using product X. The claim is that or rather the implication is that if the product worked for Joe, it should for every consumer. Obviously, this is not true. If the statement in the small print of the results not being typical accompanies a weight loss product advertisement, this implies that the advertised effect is not typical. That is, whatever remarkable weight loss story is portrayed as proof of the effectiveness of the product, is not the expected impact of the product on the average person based on statistical tests. The kind of misuse this statement reflects is one of implied connection. An advertisement that demonstrates some immediate weight loss as a result of using the product refers to a situation where the product had such an impact on one individual. But, the advertisement implies that whoever uses the product will benefit in a similar fashion. However, the small print refers to the truth obtained through statistical sampling. It was found that the extent to which the product had an effect was not as spectacular on most people tested. Thus, for the typical, or average person, the product had little or no effect compared to what was being depicted in the advertisement. This is only perceivable to the person who is careful enough to take note of the footnote. Thus, this product is unlikely to have any significant impact on an average person. Because it had a spectacular effect on one individual as advertised, does not mean that it will have similar effects on all people. Further the small print implies that that effect observed on most people was actually

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research Proposal - Essay Example However there is still uncertainty as to whether the healthcare providers feel comfortable using the electronic medical records (EMRs). Their perceptions and attitudes as concerns the use EMRs are unknown and therefore also difficult to know whether they are adapting to the transition or not. There are very few studies if any on these issues of perceptions and adoption. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK LOSCIN’S TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETENCE MODEL Locsin’s model of technological competency as caring in nursing is a model that specifically integrates who nurses are as professional, with the modern technology they encounter at their work places. Locsin’s central premise is that the competent use of technology demonstrates caring in nursing. Since the contemporary nursing is believed to be a call to practice in a technologically mediated profession (Casterline 2006). The ultimate purpose of the technological competency in nursing is to acknowledge that wholeness of persons is a focu s of nursing and that various technological means can and should be used in nursing in order for nursing to realize wholeness of person more fully (Locsin & Purnell 2009). ... The theory is highly linked to the various statements of the research questions. The theory as applied to the use of EMR’s, health care providers can show they care about their clients or patients through the use of the EMRs to better synthesize the important health information about their patients. For example the nurse’s knowledge of the person as a whole human being improves the nursing process and ultimately patient care. Therefore through great organization and efficiency of the EMRs the nurse is able to use this t his or her advantage to know the patients more completely and thus provide quality care. The theory is linked to attitudes and perceptions such that if the health care providers perceive the EMR’s positively it will lead to â€Å"knowing† of the patient as a â€Å"whole† and this is important in improving health care delivery. If they know the patients and feel that the use of EMRs is good it means that they will easily adopt it for their continued use and in so doing improve patient health. RESEARCH QUESTIONS The research aims to answer the question: What are the attitudes and perceptions of health care providers as concerns the use of electronic record keeping in medical practice? A qualitative research is a kind of systematic empirical inquiry into meaning. This is because the research is ordered or planned, following specific rules that are defined by members of a given community. The research is grounded in the world of experiences that members of a given community have gone through. The research therefore intends to find out what people make sense of these experiences (Yin 2011). Therefore qualitative research involves a qualitative and

Strategic Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Management - Coursework Example Coca Cola itself has stated growth rates with the gradual diversification policy. According to its reports for the year 2013 and third quarter, the overall sales rose by a figure of 2 percent and this was largely attributed to the policies in context of diversification (Trefis, 2013). This in turn brought about a balance to the company’s standing and performance with regard to the previous quarter’s performance.. Diversification is a process when the given company changes its focus from one particular product or item to multiple items and services. This brings along various considerations, challenges and questions with regard to future trends, policies, and actions along with marketing patterns that are needed to be kept intact. This scrapbook looks into these dimensions in case of two globally recognized brands of beverages namely Pepsi Co and Coca Cola. Each has over period of time moved from single item to diversified product and service delivery. Coca Cola’s diversification plan and products delivery came about in the form of Coke Diet, Fanta, Sprite, Mineral water and various other side products that have given Coca Cola an impetus in the market in terms of sales (Volkman, 2014) Such a process of diversification brings along strategic management principles and actions with itself. These include the concept of layout, feasibility against the new product and the communication, promotion and marketing strategy against the given items that are aimed at for expansion. Coca Cola’s diversification plan and products delivery came about in the form of Coke Diet, Fanta, Sprite, Mineral water and various other side products that have given Coca Cola an impetus in the market in terms of sales (Volkman, 2014) The process of diversification opens with itself the new horizons of expanded market. The expanded market in turn leads to increased demand, expanded supply chain network and insuring the timely delivery of products and services.

Chylothorax and Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Case Study

Chylothorax and Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Case Study Title: Chylothorax and Superior Vena Cava Syndrome as the Initial Presentation of Non small Cell Lung Cancer, which was Successfully Resolved by Systemic Chemotherapy We define a case report of 35 year old male presented with shortness of breath, dyspnea, heaviness of left chest wall, engorgement of vein in left side chest wall and upper left neck, swelling in left side of the neck, chest pain and cough. At the time of admission, an abnormal round opacity presented in left upper lung lobe and histology shows non-small cell carcinoma with superior vena cava syndrome was diagnosed. MSCT scan report heterogeneous enhancing large soft tissue density mass lesion of size approximately 96 100 mm seen in left upper lobe extending in to whole mediastinum encasing all major vessel including arch of aorta, descending aorta, trachea, esophagus, pulmonary trunk,M PA and all major neck vessels origin. Lesion causing significant luminal narrowing of left main bronchus. Lesion causing obliteration of left brachio-cephalic.Left moderate pleural effusion seen. Heterogeneous attenuated right lung field is seen due to mosaic perfusion. Left sided thoracocentesis done milky white fluid drained from pleural cavity. Ultrasonography guided FNAC left lung done is suggestive of non-small cell carcinoma. Superior vena cava syndrome associated with lung carcinoma with massive chylothorax. Patient received cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy. After chemotherapy taken chylothorax resolution almost completely. Key words: Lung cancer; squamous cell carcinoma; chylothorax; superior vena cava syndrome INTRODUCTION Lung cancer in India commonly accounts 80-85% of non-small cell carcinoma. In Acharya tulsi regional cancer treatment and research institute Bikaner hospital squamous cell carcinoma interpretation for 15% of all cases of NSCLC according to registry. In advanced lung cancer chemotherapy play main role in quality of life and survival. Chylothorax initial symptom of NSCLC is rare but pleural effusion is commonly seen. Chylothorax is mostly seen after complication of lung surgery. But in this case chylothorax is initial presentation with NSCLC with SVC. Incidence of chylothorax is .3-2.4%.[3-5]. Few report of this disorder in current year[2]. We report this case of NSCLC with initial appearance with SVC and chylothorax which resolved almost entirely with chemotherapy CASE REPORT A case report of 35 year old male presented with shortness of breath, dyspnea, heaviness of left chest wall, engorgement of vein in left side chest wall and upper left neck, swelling in left side of the neck, chest pain and cough. He is heavy smoker for 13 year and also chronic alcohol drinker. Patient vital signs at the time of admission pulse rate is 88 per minute, respiratory rate is 26 per minute, BP is 128/84 and temperature in normal limit. On auscultation breathe sound decreased in left side of chest. At the time of admission, an abnormal round opacity presented in left upper lung lobe and histology shows non-small cell carcinoma with superior vena cava syndrome was diagnosed. MSCT scan report heterogeneous enhancing large soft tissue density mass lesion of size approximately 96 100 mm seen in left upper lobe extending in to whole mediastinum encasing all major vessel including arch of aorta,descending aorta, trachea, esophagus, pulmonary trunk,M PA and all major neck vessels origin. Lesion causing significant luminal narrowing of left main bronchus. Lesion causing obliteration of left brachio-cephalic. Left moderate pleural effusion seen.Heterogeneous attenuated right lung field is seen due to mosaic perfusion. Multiple para-esophageal,perigastric, supra-clavicular,superior mediastinum, pre, paratracheal, subcarinal AP window lymphadenopathy are seen,larger measuring approx. 18 mm size. Left sided thoracocentesis done milky white fluid drained from pleural cavity. Ultrasonography guided FNAC left lung done is suggestive of non-small cell carcinoma. Superior vena cava syndrome associated with lung carcinoma with massive chylothorax. Patient received cisplatin and paclitaxil chemotherapy. cisplatin given D1 and D2 schedule. After two cycle chemotherapy taken chylothorax resolve almost completely.Laboratory investigation shows serum creatinine e 1.1 mg /dl, albumin 3.2 mg/dl, total cholesterol 193 mg/dl, serum; triglyceride, 93 mg/dl, LDH is 425 IU/l. thoracocentesis done and 2000 ml milky white coloured fluid drained. Milky fluid biochemistry done and shows triglyceride, 867 mg/dl; l actate dehydrogenase, 332 IU/l; and carcinoembryonic antigen, 6.16 ng/ml.The cytological analysis of fluid revealed no malignant cells. Intercostal tube inserted and fluid is drained and symptom is improved. The clinical stage was T3N2aM0 stage IIIb. Therefore, SCC of the lung complicated by chylothorax and SVCS was diagnosed. . Chemotherapy with paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and cisplatin (75 mg/m2) was administered on days 1, and cisplatin give in two days in divided dose respectively of six cycle repeat 21-day. The dyspnea and shortness of breath improved after two cycle of chemotherapy and amount of milky fluid drained is gradually tapered in intercostal tube after chemotherapy given. After five cycles chemotherapy patient symptoms improved and neck swelling is disappear and intercostal drained is 230 ml/day so intercostal tube come out and remaining one cycles is given. After 6 cycle complete again CECT chest revealed tumor size significantly decreases and also pleural fluid almost di sappear but superior vena cava symptoms is minimally improved . Then subsequently, the patient put another chemotherapy with gemcitabine and carboplatin, and radiotherapy is given to chest wall 30 gy 300cGy per fraction total 10 fraction in 2 weeks, but the tumor eventually progressed. Discussion The relationship between lung cancer and chylothorax may occur after compression of tumor to thoracic duct so increase pressure to duct and ruptured [6]. Secondly in obstruction in superior vena cava so venous pressure is increased significantly so leakage of chyle from thoracic duct to pleural cavity [7-9]. Another Couse of chylothorax is side effect of radiotherapy because after radiotherapy fibrosis is there and diminishing of lymph circulation [10-13]. This complication of radiation treatment is also observed in many disease like Hodgkin lymphoma (mantle field technique), squamous cell carcinoma in esophagus, breast carcinoma and also lung carcinoma[ 10,11, 12, 13, ]. With out lung surgery chylothorax is rare but this case present chylothorax without surgery. In current year 3 case reported with non small cell carcinoma[2,10,14-16].table 1 shows patient have chylothorax with clinical manifestation and resolve after management. In this table include our case report. The three case report series have 2 male and one female and median age af all three case was 47 yrs. All case non small cell carcinoma sub group is squamous cell carcinoma. Dahlbalk et al.[17] shows squamous cell carcinoma of lung cancer present with thorasic duct fluid in pleural cavity and nodular depositation. All case presented with right side lung carcinoma. Pleural fluid cytology present wih malignant cell. Main dominant feature in case is chylothorax and its present in mainly right pleural space. Treatment of chylothorax is mainly frequently repeated aspiration of pleural fluid, low fatty diet, intercostal tube drainage, and pleurodesis with chemical substance. [6,18] surgical management of chylothorax is thorasic duct ligation and pieuroperitonial shunt are mainly used in when milky coulred fluid is more than 550 ml or more then continues 14 days. In Dahlbalk et al study mainly two case successfully treated with chemical pleurodesis. One patient any intervention not done because general condition is very poor give only paliiative treatment. If chylothorax associated with cloot in brachiocephalic vein or subclavian and jugular vein is treated with anticoagulant therapy. Beghetti et al[8]. studied resistant case of chylothorax associated with superior vena cava syndrome manage with chemotherapy. Our case usual taken four cycle chemotherapy and mostly resoved chylothorax . Thrombus in superior vena cava are correct with treatment of underlying couse. Symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome is extremlly improved with two cycle chemotherapy. It is revealing of a promising response to chemotherapy Table 1 three patients of non-small cell lung cancer presented with Chylothorax Abbreviations: SCC=squamous cell carcinoma; ; RML=right middle lung; RT= radiotherapy; C/T=chemotherapy; NA=not available

Dirt bike # 10 :: essays research papers

1. Two possible fuel tank suppliers for Dirt Bike are J&P Cycles and Hot Rods USA. Both companies supply numerous designs of fuel tanks that can be used for motorcycles. J & P Cycles is a US company that ships within the US and their prices for a listed below for ground transportation: SHIPPING RATES WITHIN THE CONTINENTAL U.S. & TO APO/FPO ADDRESSES GROUND SHIPPING RATES Invoice Total   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rate 0-$49.99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $6.99 $50-$99.99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $7.99 $100-$149.99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $12.99 $150-$199.99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $16.99 $200-$299.99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $18.99 Over $299.99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FREE Bike Lifts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $25.00 Extra Wide Bike Ramp   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $50.00 Complete Motors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $100.00 Rolling Chassis Kits   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $175.00 Trailers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $300.00 C.O.D.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Add $7.00 For this company however, if the package is 5 lbs and under $150 in value the package will be shipped Priority Mail. For Ground Transportation the predicted time is 7 – 10 days not including Saturday or Sunday. For Hot Rods USA is another US company so shipping within the US the shipping time is very similar to J & P Cycles. All of the shipping within the US is free for over $500. It will take between 7 -10 days. J & P Cycles would probably be the best out of the two. For them the price of shipping is free at a lower buying price. This way if Dirt Bike was to buy in a low bulk they would receive free shipping. The only problem that might arise would be when it come to just buying one. Dirt Bike would have to pay for the Priority mailing price because it is small and under a certain price. This almost focuses Dirt Bike to constantly buy in Bulk. Both will take the same amount of time when shipping. 2. There is great supply chain management software that Dirt Bike can use. Two software packages are Microsoft Business Solutions for Supply Chain Management and IFS Applications – Supply Chain Management. Both are delivered in package form of other CDs that are geared towards certain steps in the Supply Chain. Microsoft Business Solutions for Supply Chain Management This software can be used to optimize the supply chain cycles and warehouse management according to the company’s unique needs. The software packages contains stuff to better handle the supply chain management, purchasing, requisitioning and procurement, inventory management, and order entry and processing management. This software package allows Dirt Bike the ability to integrate all of their sales and purchasing systems to make the process go faster.

Malcom X and Amy Tan

Hide Course Menu Menu Management Options Refresh Display Course Menu in a Window Course Menu: PREP 108: Introduction to College Writing Houses Entry Page Announcements Syllabus and Course Schedule Instructor BIO Unit 1 unit 2 My Grades Tools Course Evaluation Email My Class Student Help Reading Blob #2: Malcolm X and Tan Actions for Content Page Create Blob Entry View Drafts Content Please answer the following questions as thoroughly as possible. While these entries are due Wednesday September 3 before class, you are welcome to take until Friday to complete them. Malcolm X, â€Å"Learning to Read† Questions (from 50 Essays): .How did the process by which Malcolm learned to read differ from the typical way people learn to read? 2. Though Malcolm changed many of his views after the time covered in this portion of his autobiography, the project of recovering African history remained important to him and remains important to many African Americans. How do you react to his claims a bout African history? Tan, â€Å"Mother Tongue† 1 . List the different English Tan describes, defining each. 2. Do you use different languages yourself? Even if English is your sole language, consider how your use of it hanged depending on circumstances and audience.Write an essay in which you describe the different ways you speak and the meaning of these differences. Friday, September 5, 2014 Malcolm X and Tan Posted by Access the profile card for user: Alexis Gang September 5, 2014 AM KODAK Alexis Gang Proof. Day PREP AWAY 5 September 2014 Alexis Gang at Friday, 1 . Malcolm X learned how to read different from many other people, he learned how to read at the Norfolk Prison. At the prison he would read the dictionary to get a better understand of how to read a book and know the meaning of every word.Malcolm was so interested in the dictionary he would spend three to four hours sitting on his cell floor Just for the light to read constantly. Malcolm read during late hours all the time to the point he knew when the guards did a night walk through of each cell hallway. 2. Malcolm Ax's view on African American history was shocking and made me think that some points he made did actually make sense in some parts. One point that was interesting was when he said † If you started with a black man, a white man could be produced; but starting with a Whitman, you never could produce a black man- cause the white gene is recessive† (peg. 77). Malcolm made sense of the views of African American history to the point where reading this autobiography has me thinking that maybe the world did start off with a black man instead of a white man. His views did give me a outlook on the history and makes me want to read more into black history and see if it is true that we started with a black man instead of white man. Tan † Mother Tongue† 1 . Tan describes standard English as a form of English where the grammar is perfect along with the tenses.Along wit h standard English she also talked about the way she alas to her family and husband where that is called English of intimacy. The English that made an impact on her was her mothers English where some would call it † limited English† (peg. 419) where their English is unclear or not perfect. 2. English has been my first language. I was born in Fairbanks, Ak where everyone just speaks English and no terms or slang Just regular good ole English of yes ma'am and yes sir. As a child I learned how to talk from my parents, because as babies you repeat words and sounds like a parrot.I have really never put thought into how my English is use, but thinking of it now my English has changed from being a little kid to and adult now. As a kid the way I talked I would always use anti and consider it a word and would argue if it was a word or not to everyone. Looking back at it anti wasn't a word and I wasn't using standard English my English was limited at the time to where some people could not understand what I was talking about half the time. As time went on my English got better with more knowledge and words I had learned throughout my life in school to where I became great at standard English.

Creon

Creon is an ideal tragic hero in this story. He has every characteristic that is observed by Aristotle in The Poetics. Creon's hybris, or his pride, causes him to violate the laws of the gods, which is reason for several tragic things that happen. Creon is of high station by being the head of his class, the King. Being a new King, he will not let anyone prove him wrong nor change his mind. Although King, he does not have all perfect traits. He has traits that allow him to make mistakes but he also has the ones which can allow him to succeed. According to Aristotle's observations, the tragic hero is to be brought down because of fate or an error in judgement. This error is sentencing Antigone to death for disobeying his decree. The most important part of a tragic hero is his tragic flaw. Creon's tragic flaw is his pride and arrogance. One event that shows his pride is this: "...Are you(Haemon) here, maddened against your father, or are we friends, whatever I may do". Haemon says, "...I am yours..." Haemon still asks his father though if he will not execute Antigone. But, because of Creon's excessive pride, he is angered by the remark and makes the situation worse than it already is. So he says, "...You shall not revile me with these tauntings and go free. Bring out the hateful creature; she shall die full in his sight, close at her bridegroom's side". Finally, Teiresias comes and tells Creon that the gods are angered by Creon's decisions and that he should release Antigone and bury Polyneices. Creon disregards this due to his pride. Teiresias says, "...You'll feel the wound..." Creon pays no attention to this remark. Being a tragic hero, Creon must suffer. Creon has a realization. He realizes that Teiresias must have been right. Creon tries to remedy things, but it is too late for that. In the reversal, Haemon commits suicide after Antigone commits suicide. Eurydice then kills herself. Creon suffers g...

Ask an Expert How to Boost your Author SEO Reedsy

Ask an Expert How to Boost your Author SEO Reedsy How to Boost your Author SEO: An Interview with Murray Izenwasser As an author in the beginning stages of a marketing strategy, where do you start when it comes to author Search Engine Optimization (SEO)? It can be very daunting having to compete with large publishing houses as well as already successful and well-known authors. To help tackle this really important topic, we had SEO expert Murray Izenwasser give his insights on how exactly author SEO works.Click play below to watch the video chat or read the transcript below! Hi Murray, I really appreciate you talking with me today. Why don’t you start out by giving us a bit of background on yourself and Biztegra?Thank you! I’ve been doing the online stuff since the 90s so a long time, but Biztegra has been around for about 6 or 7 years now. When we started Biztegra we wanted to bring the digital agency and the way we approach it to a smaller organization. We do two things: marketing on one side and technology on the other. With marketing, we do the optimizations for searches on social and mobile applications and for technology we have developers in Argentina who build out the web, social, and mobile applications we need to support those marketing programs.Last year, we launched a product called Publishr, which is a platform where our publishing clients will be able to move their websites over and onto. In the publishing industry, we’ve found that there’s a lot of opportunities for websites to improve. Historically, people in p ublishing were â€Å"bound† to traditional printing and now the people who are left are the onesThat's great and I agree with you that it really just does come down to time and not annoying your audience. This has been very helpful for our authors who are either trying to rank higher on Google or building their author website or trying to gain traffic on their blogs. Thank you so much, Murray!Follow Murray Izenwasser and Reedsy on Twitter: @MurrayIz and @ReedsyHQHave you experimented with SEO and Content Marketing? Do you have a marketing strategy for your next book launch? Let us know your thoughts, or ask Murray any question you want, in the comments below!

Professional Learning Communities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Professional Learning Communities - Assignment Example he school all work towards ensuring their students gain the essential skills required in the utilisation of these resources and enhance the learning attribute. This remains closely related to the culture of the PLC in which collaboration remains a fundamental element in ensuring students learning becomes comprehensive. The school culture however does not fully align to the PLC tenet because of the imminent challenges faced in the implementation of the various aspects which define a PLC. The teachers are evaluated based on the capability for students to achieve definite targets but there is a limitation in the approach utilised by teachers in enhancing learning. Teachers can implement different approaches which they consider effective in achievement of impressive results. An authentic alignment of the processes to those of the PLC would be achieved through increased sharing between the teachers regarding the approaches which they utilise to enhance learning. This can result in the adoption of a single approach in seeking to implement a uniform approach for enhancing student learning capabilities. In achieving this authentic alignment, the school would face numerous challenges regarding the present organisational culture. Among the challenges which the organisation must overcome include the following The teachers within the school have fundamental beliefs in the students’ capabilities to learn, following the application of different teaching approaches. Many of the teachers commonly try to utilise different approaches in seeking to ensure that there is success in the teaching of the teaching elements. The aspect of trying out different approaches remains an indication of belief that the students are capable of learning. During the staff meetings, planned to undertake reviews of the teaching within the school, teachers commonly have different proposals aimed at ensuring the capability of students to learn. These proposals serve as fundamental aspects for

EasyJet Airline exam note Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EasyJet Airline exam note - Essay Example A PEST analysis of the organisation is carried out to establish the macro-environmental impact on the firm. EasyJet operates in more than 30 countries that have do not have trade restrictions. This increases revenue since the firm can cover more areas. Due to the global terror threat, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Israel, and Spain among other countries have put restrictions to ensure passenger safety. This has reduced travels to some extent. Governments have also put baggage restrictions for airlines along with passengers (Taneja, 2012, p.56; easyJet, 2013). The firm complies with various tax policies in its areas of operation. Most of the tax regulations are favourable to the firm, thus impacting positively on the flight operations. For example, the corporate tax policy in Europe is business-friendly. This has also enabled the process of optimisation in service delivery to meet the customer needs and requirements regardless of existing precedents and territories on implementing the system (Jones, 2012, p.34). The reduction of fuel costs have made the firm increase its revenue due to reduced operational costs, thus reducing the cost of capital for the firm (easy Jet, 2014). The reduction in fuel costs has also increased competition in the aviation industry as various airlines have reduced the ticket prices, thus making more customers use service and also leading to price wars (Katie, 2013, p.123). Besides, globalisation is projected to boost air traffic in the long run. More people are projected to travel due to increased interconnection among people across the globe. In the same way, as Europe becomes integrated; the introduction of the single currency is expected to bring more business to easyJet (easyJet, 2014). The Euro is used in over 19 nations among the member states of the European Union. The financial reports evidence that the firm is improving economically. At the moment, pound is against the

Childhood leukemia development and correlation with traffic air Article

Childhood leukemia development and correlation with traffic air pollution - Article Example The study shows that children are more likely to develop leukemia if they live in urban centers. The reason for this is the high levels of pollution in cities. The research goes to show the problems that high pollution levels can create especially with regard to children. This link was established when the researchers found that children living in urban centers with relatively high levels of pollution were at a significantly higher risk for developing cancer. The study has values adjusted for factors which could tamper with the results. However, even after the adjustment, the risks remained high for children living in areas where there was a high level of pollution. This study is certainly a revelation since we often discuss global warming in the context of animals and rising sea levels but there is also a visible and immediate impact of the pollution spread by human activity on the planet. That impact is the negative effect pollution has on our health and the health of our children who are defenseless against it. The government and our civil authorities should do a lot more to stop the situation. They need to ensure that we do not have to suffer the negative consequences of the progress we have made. If we do not do anything about it, the problem would only multiply. At the present, we have little choice in how we can reduce air pollution levels. Of course, we can have Individual actions or even drives coming from small groups aimed at reducing pollution. However, these may never have the impact that government policy changes can. In addition to trying and reducing air pollution levels, more research on the topic is also required. Without the proper scientific data, we may make the wrong conclusions. This was suggested in the research study itself. Additional information and research on the topic is necessary. That would gives us better tools with which we can handle pollution and its impact on our lives. Even now,

The Esoc Board Essay Example for Free

The Esoc Board Essay As mentioned in Lecture 3 and the textbook, most logic circuits today are built using programmable logic devices (PLDs). These devices allow circuits to be built directly onto single chips, without the need for interconnection of separate, single purpose ICs. The eSOC II (electronic System-on-a-Chip) board is designed to allow a direct interface between the Quartus II software and the Altera Cyclone II EP2C8 FPGA. The board provides an interface to the chip, along with supporting interface hardware. Details about the construction and use of the eSOC II board are available in the eSOC II Users Guide supplied with the board. The following is a summary of data taken from that Guide. The eSOC II board is shown in Figure 1 (taken from the User Guide from Arches Computing Systems). The board contains the Altera FPGA (in the center), a 24 MHz clock source (U8 to the left of the FPGA), and numerous input switches and output displays. Figure 1 – eSOC II Board (from User Guide September 6, 2006) There are three types of input switches, single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) toggle switches (S1 and S2), debounced push-button (SPST) switches (DB0 and DB1), and non-debounced push-button switches (B0 – B3). Bouncing is a mechanical effect where a switch rapidly alternates between â€Å"on† and â€Å"off† when pressed as the metal contacts make and break connection as the parts â€Å"bounce† off each other. A debounced switch is designed so that any closure produces a single on to off or off to on indication. The output features include red LEDs (RED0 – RED7), green LEDs (GRN0 – GRN7) and two seven-segment displays (Digit0 and Digit1). The FPGA uses a random access memory (RAM) technology. This will be explained in a later course, for now the key concept is that a program is stored and maintained only as long as the power is applied (like a document you forget to save, the data disappears when the power is removed). This means that every time the eSOC II board is turned off, the program in the FPGA is lost. There is a method to save a program using a different type of memory that is on the board. This memory, U3, stores the program even after power is removed. This feature will be explored in a later course.

Gossip Girl Review :: essays research papers

Book Review ‘Gossip Girl’ by Cecily von Ziegesar Gossip Girl is a book for people who crave glamour, style and riches. The novel is written by Cecily von Ziegesar, a 25 year old self proclaimed gossip girl herself. She loosely bases the story on her own experiences growing up in the Upper East side of Manhattan. Gossip Girl, the novel, is set in contemporary Upper East Side, Manhattan, New York. It tells the story of a group of high school seniors whose parents happen to be some of the most glamorous people in New York and tells what their day to day lives are like. The book’s main character is Blair Waldorf. Blair is the bitchiest and coolest girl in the Upper East Side crowd. She lives her life thinking that she is in some kind of old time movie where she is the leading actress and her boyfriend, Nate, is her leading man. Blair and her close knit group of friends are the main focus of the book. Gossip Girl also talks of Serena van de Woodsen who is described as the girl all boys want and the girl all girls want to be. Serena used to be Blair’s best friend until she spent a year at boarding school. Serena discovers that Blair no longer wants to spend time with her and that Blair believes Serena is some kind of threat to her social status. Blair ignores Serena and goes out of her way to make Serena feel unwelcome on her return. An example of this is how Blair treats Serena in the cafeteria at lunchtime one day. When Serena walks in she waves at Blair (who is already seated). Blair sees her but chooses not to acknowledge her. When Serena has her food and sits down, Blair and her new friends make up excuses as to why they have to go and leave Serena sitting at the table all by herself.

Health Care Careers Diagram and Summary Essay

What is a Physical Therapist do? Each of us has an important role in health care field whether a Pharmacist, Technician, Lab Scientist, Therapist, Nurses, Doctors, and other health care professionals. They have one purpose to provide the best quality of care to the patients with compassionate and respect. They are guided by the rules and guidelines set up by the state and federal government to maintain proper standards and update the techniques concerning healthcare delivery. Career Description. Physical therapists sometimes referred to as PTs, help people who have injuries or illnesses improve their movement and manage their pain (Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012). PT plays an important role in rehabilitation and gives treatment to the patients with chronic conditions or injuries. They diagnose the patients’ dysfunctional movements by watching them walk, stand, balance, coordination, strength, range of motion and many more. Physical therapists work as part of a healthcare team, overseeing the work of physical therapist assistants and aides and consulting with physicians and surgeons and other specialists (Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012). They work in wellness-programs to encourage everyone for more active lifestyles. They also establish appropriate plan of care, depending on the patients condition whether it is a neurological case, orthopedic case, sports injury, pediatrics, geriatrics, sports, and others. Services Provided. Physical therapist services are wide range from acute care hospital, sub-acute care, skilled nursing facility, home health, and outpatient care. Their work varies with the type of patients they serve. Orthopedic/Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation is one of the services they provided, whereas they focus on all types of musculoskeletal conditions of the entire spine and extremities. Another one is Vestibular Rehabilitation, which is more on balance, dizziness, motion sensitivity, and vertigo rehab. Workforce roles within the services and products. The rehabilitation team is composed of a physical therapist, physical therapist assistant and rehabilitation aide. Usually physical therapist is the head of the team with at least a bachelors, doctorate, or masters’ degree in physical therapy. They do the initial evaluations and assessment of the patient upon admission. They also establish the care plan (long-term goals and short-term, as well as set up the treatment guidelines and parameters. The PTA’s job is to carry out the treatment following the plan care set by the therapist, unless the treatment requires a specialization by a PT for example, manual mobilization, myofascial release techniques, and many more. The rehab aide’s job is to help maintain the rehab facility or gym. They could also assist in treatments with direct supervision by PT. They could also help by doing aftercare after the PT or PTA works with the patient, or do desk jobs like scheduling patients, whereas no degree or license is required to work as a rehab aide. Impact of Physical therapist on the health care organizations. The therapist importance and influence on the health care system is very crucial, by doing therapy they help and guide the patients to return on their prior level of function and achieve their max potential. They also help prevent re-injury because of poor management of the healing process, by setting up the right exercises, depending on the patients level, stage of healing, and comorbidities that comes with the patient. Therapist also help by giving an alternative form of disease healing and pain management, for example a patient who has arthritic pain on B knees that has been dependent on strong pain medicine. Therapy can use physical agents and modalities, like heat, cold, ultrasound, and right amount of exercises to engage week muscles and promote improved mobility. Conclusion Health care providers have different roles in health care industry. Each of them has a special purpose on how to give a better treatment, care, and diagnosis to the patients. Through proper education and training, they will be able to provide what the patients needs. Health care professionals have one goal, which is to make the patient better and help them live a quality and healthy life. Appendix A: Figure 1 – Diagram of Physical Therapist roles and functions in the health care community. Figure 1 describe as the role of MD, PT, PTA, and rehab aide with regard to patient care. First the referring MD makes the prescription for the patient to be admitted to physical therapy. The physical therapist checks the prescription initiate evaluation, assessment, and establish plan of care. The PT could proceed with the treatment himself or pass to the PTA. The PTA’s job is to initiate the treatment program following the goals and treatment parameters set up by the PT. Rehab aide assist the PT or PTA during treatment and helps with scheduling patient visits as well as monitor insurance coverage for the patient. References Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2012, April 6). What Physical Therapists Do. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Physical-therapists.htm#tab-2 PT1. (2013). Physical Therapy One. Retrieved from http://www.physicaltherapyone.net/services

Northern Renaissance Art

The epoch of Renaissance in general was an age of humanism characterized by a new spirit of freedom, a new sense of the individual, a new realism in visualizing nature and the emergence of the artist as an individual creator. The Renaissance art traditions developed in Italy and then traveled to the north of the Alps and there became known as â€Å"Northern Renaissance†. Though the Northern Renaissance displays some differences from that of the South, it shares with the Italians in the three essential Renaissance qualities, namely, â€Å"a new interest in the world of fact, a new acceptance of that world as having independent value for artistic creation irrespective of any super sensuous presuppositions, and the separation of the several arts†. (Rowley, Sarton, Schevill and Thompson, 111) However, these qualities exhibited themselves in the north and south in quite different appearances because of the fundamental differences between the Gothic and the Classic traditions. Italy's climate, customs, and racial tendencies would never permit to assimilate the Gothic tradition, and the northern countries could never forget it. For example, in northern tradition we cannot find the mathematically exact perspective to reveal the space and volume, as well as the interplay of light and shadow is replaced by the scrupulous work with light and colors. North Renaissance portraits became living entities through the new realism which could render the detailed peculiarities of the individual and courtly approach and this trait derives from Gothic style. For example, Jan van Eyck's realism led to an examination of the details of actuality, so that he painted portraits that are convincing likenesses. To illustrate how the concept of Art Nova was reflected in the works of northern artists it would be appropriate to discuss some of them. In general the realism of the north as Rowley and his colleagues put it â€Å"was more discursive and more minute than that of the south†. (114) Jan van Eyck's painting of Arnolfini and his wife is packed with incidentals, the dog, slippers, pillows, fruit, fly whisk, chandelier, and the mirror which repeats them all again, inscription on the wall of the richly furnished room recording that Jan ‘was here’. The new element of light, which seems diffused through the room, is regarded as illumination for each separate object. Jan van Eyck gives us a realism that is more than real. In Eyck's Virgin and Child with Chancellor Rolin realism showed itself in a microscopic examination of objects. Each hair and each pore of the skin was scrutinized so carefully that the visual unity of the whole was lost in the focus upon small detail. The study of surfaces results in the qualities of things, the masterful use of light and color hues affected by light which makes the work different from Italian Renaissance. The most surprising characteristic of northern realism is the absence of movement. After the dramatic gesticulation of Giotto’s compositions and the Internationalists, the figures of Van Eyck, seem to be absolutely frozen. Perhaps much of the â€Å"sanctified mood† (Rowley, Sarton, Schevill, and Thompson, 116) of Van Eyck's paintings is created by the fact that his people never look at anything, which gives them a curiously removed quality. Another artist of the period, Robert Campin, was one of the earliest and greatest masters of Flemish painting. Characterized by a naturalistic conception of form and representation of the objects of daily life, Campin's work marks the break with the prevailing International Gothic style and prefigures the achievements of Jan van Eyck and the painters of the Northern Renaissance. One of his masterpieces is the Mà ©rode Altarpiece, a triptych of the Annunciation with the donors and St. Joseph on the wings. The Virgin is portrayed in a setting of bourgeois realism in which interior furnishings are rendered with the frank and loving attention to detail traditional to the Art Nova of Flemish art. Campin's passion for the natural and domestic world dominates his picturing of the sacred story. This feature to depict sacred motives within mundane context also testifies to the difference between South and North as regards Renaissance. Campin meticulously depicts even the tiniest trifle in a technique which combines semi-transparent oil overlay on water-based opaque pigments that results in the creation of space. Yet Campin’s work includes several symbolic elements like the brass laver or lily flower, both referring to Mary's purity. The innovations of the Northern Renaissance were apparent not only in painting but also in sculpture art. Thus Claus Sluter was the influential master of early Netherlandish sculpture, established highly individual monumental, naturalistic forms. The grandeur of Sluter's forms can only be paralleled in Flemish painting by the van Eycks and Robert Campin discussed above. The works of Claus Sluter infuse realism with spirituality and monumental grandeur. Sluter was an innovator in art, and thus it would be just to apply the concept of Art Nova to his works too. He moved beyond the prevailing French taste for graceful figures, delicate and elegant movement, and fluid falls of drapery. His sculptures are weighty, massive, dominantly large and balanced forms. The six-sided Well of Moses, presents six life-sized prophets holding books and scrolls. The head and torso fragment of Christ from the Calvary reveal a power and intensity of restrained expression that conveys overwhelming grandeur. Suffering and resignation are mingled, a result of the way the brow is knitted, though the lower part of the face, narrow and exhausted, is calm and without muscular stress. The figures of the composition dominate the architectural framework but also reinforce the feeling of support that the structure provides through their largeness of movement. Sluter's latest preserved work is the tomb of Philip the Bold consisting of forty figures, each about 16 inches high and made up the mourning procession. Sluter conceived of the figures as weepers, of whom no two are alike; some are openly expressing their sorrow, others are containing their grief, but all are robed in heavy wool, draping garments that occasionally veil a bowed head and face to convey a hidden mourning. Sluter epitomized in sculpture the growing awareness of an individualized nature with an enduring grandeur. Reference List: Harbison, Craig. The Mirror of the Artist: Northern Renaissance Art in its Historical Context, New York: Abrams, 1995. Rowley, George et al. The Civilization of the Renaissance. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1929.      

Free Essays on Kachinas

Native Americans have inhabited this country for many generations. We see so many things that are influenced by the Native Americans and we find ourselves in awe of the independence of these peoples and the culture that they have come from. When we look at art through the eyes of the Native American we should see a functional and usable art. Art was not for aesthetic reasons; it had real purpose. The folk art that came from these cultures were for religious and moral reasons. Everything that these people had had a necessity in their group. The Kachina is one of these necessities. The Kachinas were and still are an important part of the religion of the Pueblo Indians, but I will focus on Hopi Indians. The Kachinas were friendly spirits much like our Christian Saints; however there were some evil Kachinas that punish those who disobey Hopi law. The Kachinas play an important role in the various religious ceremonies, many of which take the form of dances and chants. When a Hopi man dresses himself in the costume of a particular Kachina, he believes the spirit of that Kachina has replaced his personal identity. The ceremonies ask the Kachinas to bring plentiful crops, or give the people of the village good health and luck. Hopi children believe in Kachinas just as American children believe in Santa Clause. In the ceremonies, the children aren't supposed to recognize their fathers, uncles or friends who are taking the role of the Kachinas. And as Santa brings gifts to children, certain Kachinas bring Kachina dolls, fruits, sweets, and other surprises. Kachina dolls are given to the children not as toys, but as something to be treasured and studied so that they may become familiar with the various spirits that are an important part of their religion. The phenomena of Kachina are relatively new. The religion of the Hopi has not always been in place. As we know, religion is put into place to keep order with in a group o... Free Essays on Kachinas Free Essays on Kachinas Native Americans have inhabited this country for many generations. We see so many things that are influenced by the Native Americans and we find ourselves in awe of the independence of these peoples and the culture that they have come from. When we look at art through the eyes of the Native American we should see a functional and usable art. Art was not for aesthetic reasons; it had real purpose. The folk art that came from these cultures were for religious and moral reasons. Everything that these people had had a necessity in their group. The Kachina is one of these necessities. The Kachinas were and still are an important part of the religion of the Pueblo Indians, but I will focus on Hopi Indians. The Kachinas were friendly spirits much like our Christian Saints; however there were some evil Kachinas that punish those who disobey Hopi law. The Kachinas play an important role in the various religious ceremonies, many of which take the form of dances and chants. When a Hopi man dresses himself in the costume of a particular Kachina, he believes the spirit of that Kachina has replaced his personal identity. The ceremonies ask the Kachinas to bring plentiful crops, or give the people of the village good health and luck. Hopi children believe in Kachinas just as American children believe in Santa Clause. In the ceremonies, the children aren't supposed to recognize their fathers, uncles or friends who are taking the role of the Kachinas. And as Santa brings gifts to children, certain Kachinas bring Kachina dolls, fruits, sweets, and other surprises. Kachina dolls are given to the children not as toys, but as something to be treasured and studied so that they may become familiar with the various spirits that are an important part of their religion. The phenomena of Kachina are relatively new. The religion of the Hopi has not always been in place. As we know, religion is put into place to keep order with in a group o...

Narrative Essay Ideas and Advice

Narrative Essay Ideas and Advice Narrative Essay Ideas and Advice A narrative essay is a person anecdote or story. It is usually written in the first person and almost always is an account of the writer’s personal experience. Writing a narrative essay allows students to express themselves creatively and address issues that they have personally experienced. These essays are quite popular among students as it is impossible to be factually wrong about a personal story. This limits the need for research. This does not mean that there are no pitfalls that exist, however. For example, before a student can even begin to write, they must have a few interesting narrative essay ideas. They must also use good spelling and grammar, descriptive language, and write with a purpose in order for their essay to be deemed a success. With this in mind, we have created this post with two goals in mind. The first is to provide students with a lot of great essay ideas. The second is to help each student reading this post to write an organized, well-formatted, and extremely readable essay. Great Ideas for a Narrative Essay Here are some ideas that you can use as food for thought as   you begin selecting the perfect topic for your narrative essay: What has been your best experience so far as a college student? Write about a time when you were really frightened? Describe meeting your current boyfriend or girlfriend. Has anybody thrown you a surprise party? What was that like? Describe your favorite place What did you do on your last road trip? Plan the ideal week long vacation What was the last thing you did with your best friend When was the last time that you were completely unsure of how to handle a problem? What was the best piece of advice you ever received? How did you use it? Have you ever traveled to a foreign country? Have you ever climbed a mountain, gone backpacking, or experienced some other travel adventure? Technical Advice on Writing a Narrative Essay A student who has a great idea and a creative mind is already off to a good start when it comes to writing a great narrative essay. However, before they get started, it is very important to think about some technical issues. A big part of this is spelling and grammar, but there is more to it than that. Students must put a lot of thought into the way that they are going to tell their story to their readers. One way to write a narrative essay is to use a storytelling format. If a student wants to use this format that is fine. They simply must include all of the elements that one would expect in a story. This means a plot, climax, introduction, and conclusion. Another option that students have is to write their narrative essay as a classically formatted essay. This would mean starting with an introductory paragraph that includes a thesis. The thesis could be related to a lesson that was learned or a conclusion the writer reaches after experiencing something. How to Begin a Narrative Essay Starting an essay can be quite difficult. This is no different when it comes to the narrative essay. Sometimes the best way to begin is with a bit of a sneak peak. Here is an example: I felt my stomach jump into my chest when I saw the red and blue lights flashing behind me. What I didn't know was that the speeding ticket I was about to receive would be the best thing that ever happened to me. This is an easy and excellent way to kick off any narrative essay.

The Development of Canals in the Industrial Revolution

The Development of Canals in the Industrial Revolution Water was an important method of transport in Britain prior to the industrial revolution  and was used heavily for freight. Basically, to have a working economy things had to be moved from the place of production to the place of need, and vice versa, and when travel was based on horses, no matter how good the road, there were limits on products, in terms of freshness or quantity. Water, which could take more, and faster, was crucial. There were three key aspects of water borne trade: the sea, the coast, and rivers. Sea Carriage: Overseas trade required large ships and was important for importing and exporting goods and raw materials. Several key British ports, including the hub of the nation in London, had been growing on trade even before the boom of the revolution, and many traders had built public buildings. As the revolution got underway and Britain experienced an export boom in the late eighteenth century, wealth was reinvested in refurbishing ports, and they expanded greatly.Coastal Trade: Moving heavy goods at sea along the coast of Britain was much cheaper than moving the same items along the road network, and coastal trade was a key aspect of Britain’s economy. Between 1650 and 1750, i.e. before the industrial revolution, half a million metric tons of coal was moved this way from Newcastle in the north to London in the south. Foodstuffs could be moved fairly quickly through coastal trade, and it helped provincial trade. The east coast, with a sheltered, smooth sea, had the great est use, and most early industries like iron, tin, and grain depended on this method. Navigable Rives: Britain made major use of its river network for transport as well as waterwheel energy, but there were problems. Rivers didn’t always- or rarely- went where you wanted your goods to go, and they were affected by drought and erosion, as well as other industries being in the way. Many were simply unnavigable. People had tried to improve the river network by dredging, widening, and cutting past meanders by the start of the eighteenth century, and canals became the logical next step. Indeed, it was river improvements that gave the engineers of the canals their start. However, lots of important industrial areas in Britain, such as Birmingham, didn’t have any water links and were held back. If there wasnt a river, and you werent on the coast, you had transport problems. The solution was to be found in canals, a man-made route in which you could (mostly) direct the route. Expensive, but if done right, a way of making large profits. The Solution: Canals The first British canal to follow a totally new route (the first British canal was the Sankey Brooke Navigation, but this followed a river) was the Bridgewater canal from collieries in Worsley to Manchester and was opened in 1761 by the colliery’s owner, the Duke of Bridgewater. This reduced the Duke’s transport costs by fifty percent, vastly cheapening his coal and opening up a whole new market. This showed to the rest of Britain’s industrialists what canals could achieve, and it also demonstrated both what engineering could do, and what wide-ranging enterprise could create: the Duke’s money had come from agriculture. By 1774 over thirty-three government acts had been passed providing for canals, all in the Midlands where there were no comparative or realistic alternative means of water transport, and a boom continued. Canals became the perfect answer to regional needs, as you could design their path. The Economic Impact of Canals Canals allowed a greater volume of goods to be moved more precisely, and for much less, opening up new markets in terms of location and affordability. Seaports could now be connected to inland trade. Canals allowed for the greater exploitation of coal reserves as the coal could be moved further, and sold cheaper, allowing a new market to form. Industries could now relocate to coalfields or move to towns, and the materials and products could be moved either way. Of over 150 canal acts from 1760 to 1800, 90 were for coal purposes. At the time- before the railways- only canals could have coped with the swiftly rising demand for coal from industries like iron. Perhaps the most visible economic effect of canals was around Birmingham, which was now joined to the British freight transport system and grew hugely as a result. Canals stimulated new ways of raising capital, as the majority of canals were built as joint stock companies, with each company having to apply for an act of Parliament. Once created, they could sell shares and buy land, bringing in widespread investment, not just local. Only a tenth of the funding came from the elite of wealthy industrialists, and the first modern company management structures were put in place. Capital began to flow around the constructions. Civil engineering also advanced, and this would be fully exploited by the railways. The Social Impact of Canals The creation of canals created a new, paid, labor force called ‘Navvies’ (short for Navigators), increasing spending power at a time when industry needed markets, and each canal needed people to load and unload. However, people tended to fear navvies, accusing them of taking local jobs. Indirectly, there were also new opportunities in mining, hardware, and other industries, for instance, the potteries, as markets for goods opened right up. The Problems of Canals Canals still had their problems. Not all areas were suitable for them, and places like Newcastle had relatively few. There was no central planning and the canals weren’t part of an organized national network, coming in different widths and depths, and were largely limited to the Midlands and North West of England. Canal transport could be expensive, as some companies monopolized areas and charged high tolls, and competition from rival companies could cause two canals to be built along the same route. They were also slow, so things had to be ordered well in advance, and they could not make passenger travel cost effective. The Decline of the Canals Canal companies never solved the problems of speed, making the invention of a faster method of transport almost inevitable. When the railways were introduced in the 1830s people felt that the advancement would spell the immediate end of the canals as a major network for freight. However, canals continued to remain competitive for a number of years and it wasn’t until the 1850s that railways really replaced the canals as the primary method of transport in Britain.

Human Resource Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resource - Research Paper Example It has been noticed that, issues of sexual preferences and gender are much more sensitive because individuals who have different preferences feel discriminated in many avenues of life (Burns and Krehely, 2005). Most organizations proclaim that they do not carry out any form of discrimination, but in practice they do and violate the rights of the employees. This is exactly what happened with Oiler. Oilers contributions to the organization as well as his work record were not taken into consideration when making the decision regarding his termination. Furthermore, the disturbing fact was that the laws of the federation and the state did not have any protection for the transgendered employees. Therefore, not only were employee rights of Oiler violated, he did not receive any protection from the state or federation either. 2. What do you see as the consequences of organizations that punish employees for certain off-the-job behaviors? Explain. Punishing employees for certain off-the-job be haviors can create a negative perception among the employees as well as the public because the organization does not practice equality and non-discrimination (Weiss, 2007). Termination of the employees for such reasons would be a negative publicity as clients and employees would exercise caution in approaching the organization in the future.

The Forces of Capitalism and Global Economic Interdependence Research Paper

The Forces of Capitalism and Global Economic Interdependence - Research Paper Example According to the United Nations Human Development Index, the development includes a variety of attributes and is not solely an economic consideration. The Human Development Index, or HDI, explores development using a wide net and combines a variety of social indicators in its index to account for development including life expectancy, rates of literacy, GDP per capita, educational opportunity, standards of living, and opportunities for advances for women, etc. HDI is used to measure the development of a particular country and focuses on a variety of indicators to do so. Sustainable development, the belief that development can sustain itself, promotes development not only now but also in the future. Development which is long-term and not focuses only on the immediacy is said to be sustainable. The UN Human Development Index explores the sustainability of development and views development through a wide lens. Since the purpose of this analysis is economic development however, the follo wing will focus more on economic modes of development, while keeping in mind the important indexes put forth by the United Nations. The following will discuss capitalist development as the primary engine of economic growth in a global era (United Nations 2008). Capitalism is arguably the most well-known model of economic development and growth and is responsible for the globalization of international trade, foreign capital and the growth and development of much of the Western world (excluding Cuba and including Australia, which is commonly included in economic analyses of the â€Å"West†).

The First Time I Felt in Love Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The First Time I Felt in Love - Essay Example Joe was talking to me but I could not hear a word he was saying. I just looked at the girl he was with, and could not believe my eyes. Eventually he introduced her to me. Her name was Alexandra and she had long, light brown hair that she kept tucking behind her ear in a childish way, as if she wanted to concentrate more on our conversation. She had kind eyes, with an unusual golden brown color that matched her hair, and a dreamy look. Alexandra seemed like an exotic name to me. I wondered where her family came from, to give her such a beautiful name to match her stunning appearance. She was almost exactly the same age as Joe and me, but somehow she seemed older. I don’t remember how Joe introduced her, but I do remember how she looked at me kindly and pulled me into the entrance hall, out of the pouring rain. Her touch was like fire on my elbow, and I was mesmerized by her beautiful smile. If there is such a thing as love at first sight, then surely this was it. Joe seemed not to notice how amazing this girl was, and certainly she was not at all proud or arrogant, as so many attractive girls tend to be. Her skin was extremely pale, and she had long, slender fingers that moved gracefully when she talked. She was about a head shorter than me, and very slim. Something about her reminded me of a deer, or a gazelle, because she moved very lightly on her feet. She wore quite ordinary clothes, and I noticed that her sneakers were well worn, and decidedly casual in style. Normally I prefer girls who wear smart clothes and makeup, but Alexandra was different. Her face looked perfectly natural, and every expression that passed over her features seemed to fit perfectly with her whole being. When she smiled, her eyes smiled too, and she had a slight twist to the mouth that suggested she knew more than she was saying, but there was nothing bad in that. This incredible truthfulness is perhaps her most startling quality. After a while Joe had to leave for a sports sess ion, and I could not believe my luck that I was now alone with Alexandra. The overwhelming feeling that swept over me was anxiety. I desperately wanted to make a good impression, but somehow it was difficult to speak. My mouth was dry and I could hardly think of anything to say. I didn’t want to make a fool of myself, and so I said very little at first. Fortunately she was more confident and she started asking questions about me. We discovered that our birthdays were in the same month, and she told me that she was moving into my school because her father had just been posted to a new job here. Her voice was gentle, with a light, and happy tone, but still quite serious at the same time. We went to the local cafe, at my suggestion, and I chose a spot in the corner where I could sit opposite her and look into her eyes. The fear began to disappear and instead I could feel a warmth inside my body, as if a big heater had been turned on in the room, to remove all traces of the dampn ess outside. She made me feel calm and strong, and I think this is because we talked so naturally together, like best friends from the very first moment. I watched her drink a large cup of milky coffee. The cup seemed huge and heavy in her hand, and I immediately felt protective towards her. On that day of our first meeting I hardly dared hope that she would agree to be my girlfriend, and so I just sat there drinking in the loveliness of her smile, and

Creative Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Creative Accounting - Essay Example It has been pointed out that conflicting interests of shareholders and managers often lead to the use of creating accounting. After having successfully assembled the resources, the company is also required to assure all its stakeholders that it is indeed making good use of the resources in a manner benefitting all the stakeholders. In fact creative accounting is done very much within the legal framework and the prevailing accounting standards, but quite often done to camouflage the actual picture. It won't be an exaggeration if we say that creative accounting is done with the help of the weaker points in the law of the land and the accounting standards. Creating accounting has also been termed as 'window dressing', 'aggressive accounting' or 'fiscal gimmickry' by analysts from time to time. People from outside the company as well as stakeholders from within the company make use of financial accounting details to arrive at a decision regarding their decision to continue with the company or look for a better opportunity. The shareholders will go through the financial details in order to figure out the profit margins and percentage their own earnings in the form of dividends, interests or bonus shares. Some of the inferences that could be drawn using financial accounting information include; Creating accounting is therefore an effort to influence all these ind... v. Pointing out the lapses in utilizing the financial resources judiciously vi. Putting a stop to corrupt practices and different types of pilferages taking place within the organization vii. Ensuring that the accounting practices are in tune with GAAP viii. Assessing the need for further inputs in the form of finances, workforce or other resources for ensuring functioning of the organization Creating accounting is therefore an effort to influence all these indicators in order to remain out of immediate trouble. Manipulation in maintaining the account books is one such practice, use of which by some companies has come to light, during the last couple of years. Accounting as such is used for maintaining the account of quantitative information about the transactions involving finances and resources of a company. In other words it is the process of identifying, measuring, handling and communicating the financial information about different economic entities for being used by the concerned parties. Showcasing healthy account books in the public domain certainly helps the company and its management in attracting better reviews and commitments for the future growth of the company. This often results in managements resorting to creative accounting practices, which is mainly done to influence the opinion about the company and sometimes to conceal some unethical practices of the m anagement or the company. Some of the widely used practices for manipulating the account books include; Making use of the depreciation i.e. by profits can be inflated by increasing the useful life of an asset and thus spreading the charge over a longer period of life. For example a company can spread over the useful life of its

Business simulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business simulation - Essay Example Flipping a coin and rolling a dice give possible outcomes of a finite set. A discrete distribution is thus described by the finite possible outcomes sets, which describe a discrete distribution. Test results defining fail or pass and natures of parts demarcated by types or numbers are also examples of discrete distributions. When the possible numbers of outcomes are indeterminable, a continuous distribution occurs. For instance the time taken during a journey is a depiction of a continuous distribution because different marginal times are taken for different parts of the journey same as the time consumed in undertaking a manual activity. In these cases however much time may be similar, when further condensed into decimal place measurements, differences are inevitably notable. Distributions usually have finite lower and upper limits implying that they can be bounded. It is possible creating one’s own distributions with SIMUL8 using provided definite classical statistical distributions. This is a continuous distribution that is bounded on the lower limit and is used in the representation of the timings between the occurrences of breakdowns and timings between unsystematic occurrences, such as arrival times into the system, where there is random distribution and independence of the arrival sequences. The lower bounding of this discrete distribution is 0 and it is used where the instance of the reoccurrence of an event is known in the case where a single trial is repeated over and over, for example in deciphering the number of items requisitioned in an inventory or items on a batch. Is a Geometric distribution bounded on the lower limit at 0 and is useful in independent trial cases to return the total failures numbers before realization of success, and is usable in controlling ticketing problems, marketing survey returns and in meteorological models. This is a continuous distribution that has bounding on the lower limit and is used in generation